signs of deliberate suffocation in babies

Sign up for our newsletter. So, that allows the CO to build up the childs body, replace oxygen in their blood, and damage the childs brain, tissues and organs. Address all inquiries to the Director at the above address. Most new parents already know that they should be putting infants to sleep on their backs and providing ample tummy time during the day. Byard Med Hypoth. In order to prevent SIDS, do the following things: Always put your baby to sleep on their backnever on their stomach or side. 2001;175:5-7. Clearly, without autopsies the causes of death in these cases must be considered undetermined. TE, Martin Here Are Some Handy Tips! Major epidemiological changes in sudden infant death syndrome: A 20-year population-based study in the UK. J Clin Pathol. RW. Problems, progress and possibilities. Infection, inflammation, and the developmental stage of infants: A new hypothesis for the aetiology of SIDS. RW, Krous If you want to use a towel to cover the babys face when taking him or her out, choose the breathable and thick one to avoid breathing problems. . As both asphyxia and SIDS may have identical autopsy findings (26), cases of wedging or overlaying may only be identified after the death scene has been examined and a doll has been used to reconstruct the infants position (8, 27, 28). Despite this, the babys dad says he does not blame his wife for what happened. What Does A Safe Sleep Environment Look Like? The Reason Will Break Your Heart! Read articles or ask away and get instant answers on our app. The hallmark sign of a person undergoing asphyxiation is an inability to breathe normally. 2002;23:360-3. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2003;6:112-27. Krous 1999;52:581-7. We focus on eliminating the leading causes of preventable injuries and deaths. The distribution of petechiae is not affected by sleeping position (67), although reduced numbers are found in the dorsal portions of the cervical lobes of the thymus so-called Beckwiths sign (8, 83). London: Chapman & Hall, 1989. p. 156-64. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1980;12:73-8. However, even when children are at home, there are unexpected risks of drowning related to water access: bathtubs, spas and hot tubs, and even standing water at home. Because children like playing with water, they will go to the bathroom when their parents are not there. CC, Moscovis RW. Acta Paediatrica. Safe to Sleep is a registered trademark of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Lividity results from pooling of blood in the dependent parts of the body after death. Specific dangers associated with infants sleeping on sofas. Eds Byard Purulent mucus in the upper airway indicates ante-mortem upper respiratory tract infection. Bed sharing and sudden infant death syndrome. T, Banner An individual level analysis of five major case-control studies. Laskey N, Carter In: Duncan JR, Byard RW, editors. So what are these things? It can also happen if a child has gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). HF. The present statement reviews definitions, epidemiology and effective prevention strategies for these injuries. MA, Ashworth Blair JMD. 2012;196:10-11. International Standardized Autopsy Protocol. Place one or two anti-skid footpads in the bathroom to prevent children from slipping or falling into water containers like bathtubs or bucket. McKenna SIDS is more common than infanticide. 1996;3:115-22. Being vigilant against even unexpected dangers in the home could save your childs life. Byard The International Standardized Autopsy Protocol for cases of unexpected infant death represents the first attempt to provide an international protocol aimed at standardizing autopsy practices and diagnoses. PS, Byard Anonymous. Byard Finally, it must be recognized that the pathological findings in SIDS infants are by its very nature nonspecific and it is vital that not too much emphasis is placed on incidental findings such as low-grade chronic inflammation, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, and hemosiderin deposition. Build a fence on all sides with at least 4 feet height and 4 inches of width around the swimming pools. Biering-Srensen PS, Complojer 1997;37:16-18. Suffocating and Smothering. It is also present in devices which are not vented like stoves, propane heaters, lanterns, grills. EP, Pless BD. RW. Infants who die of SIDS generally are between two and five months of age, die more commonly in winter than other months, and are healthy, fed, placed in bed, and then found dead during a period when sleeping was thought to be occurring. Byard self-guided walking tour of chicago. Problems, progress and possibilities. AE, Al Madani 8 Best Home Remedies For White Hair At An Early Age. P, Fitzgerald E, Krous 2000;21:319-22. Postmortem radiography after unexpected death in neonates, infants, and children: Should imaging be routine? There is no evidence of injury or hemorrhage and the scant amount of intraperitoneal fluid that is present is clear and non-purulent. It is important to review the immediate ante-mortem history for evidence of potentially significant disease such as a fever indicating possible fatal infection. CO is life-threatening poisonous gas that cant be smelled, tasted or seen. EA, Thompson Definition and pathologic features. Things that are always here, but we may not notice. PJ. Summers Am J Roentgen. is one of the causes of suffocation in babies. In Chapter 1 the various definitions of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) were discussed, with the one common theme being the lack of diagnostic features. NR, Laster Pediatr Pathol. Summary of SIDS Prevention Strategies. The pathology of the sudden infant death syndrome. Do not let your child sleep on his or her back or lie with face downwards on towels, mattresses or pillows. Interleukin-1 as intermediary causing prolonged sleep apnea and SIDS during respiratory infections. Byard RW. Possible mechanisms responsible for the sudden infant death syndrome. Arnestad 17 Useful Ways To Treat Diaper Rash In Babies, Top 21 Unsafe Foods That Babies Cant Eat, (This article was medically reviewed/fact checked by, Drowning is one of the high-risk causes of suffocation in babies, especially in the ones under three years of age. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. S. Mother-infant cosleeping: Toward a new scientific beginning. In OSA, a person tries to breathe but is unable to because of a constricted or blocked airway. H-W, Bajanowski Celebrity Dad Mark Lee Shares the 3 P's of Raising School Going Children - Parenting Tips, PSLE Preparation & Protecting Your Childs Eyesight! Medical aspects and psychological management. A, Hiss S, Blackbourne | Screenshot: KCCI 8 News video. MT, Risdon Asphyxia (as-FIX-ee-uh) means lack of oxygen and blood flow to the brain. A similar finding was made in South Australia in the early 1990s, with co-sleeping deaths increasing from 7.5% (1983-90) to 32.3% (1991-93) (49). Parkins Eds Byard R. Death scene investigation. DA, Cool Intra-alveolar pulmonary siderophages in sudden infant death: A marker for previous imposed suffocation. C, Mitchell Overheating and fevers in babies are around 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius) or above. In: Sudden unexpected deaths in infancy. 1993;389 (Suppl):31-6. This is known as dysphagia. While turning over on the tummy is an important developmental milestone, it can become a risk for suffocation, as this tragedy shows. RW, Beal 2005;6:134-52. Position the shoulder straps at or below your babys shoulders to prevent suffocation. However, despite all of these deaths (whether co-sleeping or not) being labeled SIDS (30-32), differences in the sex ratios between infants who die while co-sleeping compared to infants who die alone would suggest that there are differences between these two groups that should be explored further (54). A, Saadi This examination should be done as quickly as possible, with photographs, as lividity will shift for a number of hours after death, resulting in most cases having supine-dependent lividity with buttock and mid-back blanching at the time of autopsy due to positioning on their backs after death (67). J Clin Forensic Med. In: Sudden infant death syndrome. Asphyxiation From Smoke And Gas. (Adapted from (, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0, Lung/spleen swabs for microbiological culture, Blood/vitreous/liver/skin for metabolic study, Liver/blood/gastric contents for storage (-20C). RW, Burnell N, Rutty PJ. Sturner Emery Malaysian Boy Run Over By Own Mum in Tragic Vehicular Accident, I Try Tracy Lee's Hack for Egg Tarts and It's So Easy That Even Kids Can Make it, Wife Forgives Husband Who Had Two Affairs And Got A Woman Pregnant, We use cookies to ensure you get the best experience. 2000;21:395-400. TrueRemedies.com does not give any medical advice. Do not let young children bathe alone. Simon's team wanted to see if . Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the unexplained death, usually during sleep, of a seemingly healthy baby less than a year old. DM, Busuttil After she left the room, her baby rolled over on her stomach, causing her neck to compress itself onto the ledge of the table. DMO, Thompson Among babies, accidental suffocation is responsible for three-fourths of all unintentional injury deaths. IB, et al. Byard 2008;53:1169-71. BK. The primary effect of Cerebral Palsy is impairment of muscle tone, gross and fine motor functions, balance, control, coordination, reflexes, and posture. As a result, they can slip over the winter, and the cords will entangle their neck. There is certainly evidence that sleeping near parents/carers will reduce the risk of SIDS, most likely due to increased arousals (37-41). It can cause asphyxia in several ways. Any queries can be left in the comment box below, and we will answer them as soon as possible. Details of illnesses, injuries, and deaths of siblings may be an indication of inherited disease such as a channelopathy, one of the many inborn errors of metabolism, or of inflicted injury. Minor inflammatory lesions and sudden infant death: Cause, coincidence or epiphenomena? In: Sudden infant death syndrome. Brit Med J. JB, Byard M, Hamilton In: Sudden infant death syndrome. JA, Roeder Make sure to place protective coverings over sharp edges of low shelves, coffee tables and the like. External examination is important to exclude trauma and signs of suffocation. (Adapted from (8).). Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), according to a definition on the Mayo Clinic website, is the "unexplained death, usually during sleep, of a seemingly healthy baby less than a year old." Forensic issues in Down syndrome fatalities. In: Sudden infant death syndrome. Berry sexual asphyxia, children playing with plastic bags, and other . New trends in the nineties. JE, Pennington T. An eight-year study of risk factors for SIDS: Bed-sharing vs non bed-sharing. However, it was subsequently noted that intra-alveolar hemorrhage is a very common finding in the very young that may be influenced by attempts at resuscitation, the position of the infants body after death, and the post-mortem interval (99). , tissues and organs. A microbiological perspective. Choking or suffocation can lead to death in infants and young children. 1997;29:60-3. Effect of exposure to 15% oxygen on breathing patterns and oxygen saturation in infants: Interventional study. Before an autopsy is undertaken, the examining pathologist should have full information from the death scene, which has been compiled by trained police officers and medical personnel (29). Occasionally, there may be frothy white pulmonary edema fluid in the mouth and nares from agonal left ventricular failure, but this is uncommon (79). JK. Doctors will identify this pathological condition in the first seconds of a newborn's life. Infant feeding. S. Evolution and infant sleep: An experimental study of infant-parent co-sleeping and its implications for SIDS. Problems, progress and possibilities. Here Are Baby Suffocation Signs to Watch Out For: Mechanical suffocation, or the blockage of airway by smothering by bed clothes or plastic bags, accounts for 80% of injury-related infant deaths in the U.S. alone.. An infant who is suffocating might show difficulty of breathing and bluish discolouration; petechiae (or red spots) can appear on the face and eyes as well. Engelberts RW. Byard Place non-slip mats around your bathroom in and out of the tub. In: Sudden infant death syndrome. Co-sleeping SIDS deaths increased in the United Kingdom from 12% to 50% over a 20-year period (1984-2003) (48). So, that allows the CO to build up the childs body, replace oxygen in their blood, and damage the. T, et al. Rapid pulse. Byard R, Golding Get advice on your pregnancy and growing baby. I, Wright Byard RW. E. Prospective study on the prevalence of sudden infant death and possible risk factors in Brussels: Preliminary results (1987-1988). Swim with your child and get out with her or him even if lifeguards are nearby. Swallowing a hard object that can not go down in the airway obstruction can lead to choking and suffocation. RW, Krous Signs and Symptoms of Asphyxia. RE, Glass Alternative diagnoses to SIDS were made in approximately 8 to 18% of cases of sudden infant death as the Reduce the Risks campaigns were launched (15-17). This can cause serious health problems, such as pneumonia. As there are no pathognomonic markers at autopsy in SIDS deaths, there is a danger that the diagnosis will be used inappropriately for natural deaths, accidents, and homicides John Emerys diagnostic dustbin (5, 6). dry inspiratory crackles, signs of consolidation, or respiratory distress. PE, Fitzgerald M, James TrueRemedieswill go over the common causes of suffocation in babies and help you prevent them. Pathological findings in SIDS. J Paediatrics Child Health. DM, Lockett Is defined as the sudden death of an infant under 1 year of age that, even after a thorough investigation (an examination of the spot the tragedy occurred, the baby's medical history, and possibly an autopsy), has no other definition. The CESDI SUDI studies 1993-1996. 1 The current definition of SIDS, developed in 1991, is . Arch Dis Child. CW, Drucker The major reasons for this are to check for any unexplained injuries or lesions that may raise suspicions of accidental or inflicted injury, such as bruises (66), and also to compare patterns of lividity with the reported position of the body. When To Worry About Pregnancy Cramps And Pains During The First Trimester? If you love your child, do not hesitate to take a peek here. Examination of the literature shows that an adult sharing a bed with an infant increases the risk of SIDS/infant death with an odds ratio of 1.7. JM, Krous CC, Weir 2012;160:44-8. This may explain why certain infants have suffocated under a maternal breast while breastfeeding (28, 44, 53). Williams It has been very pithily put that pulmonary haemorrhage is neither a necessary nor a specific marker of deliberate or accidental suffocation (100). Pulmonary siderophages and unexpected infant death. 1989;299:1240. J Clin Pathol. Breastfeeding and sudden infant death syndrome [letter]. JJ, Mosko MM, Hense London: Arnold, 2001. p. 310-18. In 2012, more than 5,000 teens and young adults died by suicide. Suffocation From Squeezing The Neck. Swollen veins on the head and neck. JA. M, et al. M. The morphology of the sudden infant death syndrome: An overview. They also want and deserve to be approached in a nonaccusatory manner. Snack (e.g., cracker, popcorn, etc.) 1999;52:553-4. Apparent life threatening events and infant holding practices. In: Paediatric forensic medicine and pathology. RW, Krous Graphic: Facebook logo, links to https://www.facebook.com/nichdgov/. Blair To reduce the risk of drowning and injuries related to water risks in children and babies, you should follow these useful tips and techniques: Suffocation also happens when children inhale carbon monoxide (CO) or other toxic gases. 2007;3:177-81. During sleep, there is a chance of people putting their arm over, or abdomen. An Irish study showed that the risk of death with shared sleeping was increased with low birth weight, more bedding, and more than one adult in the bed (47), all factors that increase risks of suffocation. Children under four years old and unborn babies are at a high risk of this severe condition because they have a weak, . The lungs tend to be edematous, and congested, and as with other findings of no urine within the bladder and liquid blood within the heart, this is not diagnostic (85). J, Byard DJ, White Vol. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The leading cause of injury death for children aged 1 to 4 is _____, a form of suffocation., The use of _____ involves the deliberate spread of pathogenic organisms into a community to cause widespread illness, fear, and panic., Analgesics, antihistamines, and _____ are the drugs most often implicated in poisoning deaths in young . Mechanical suffocation is, by far, the leading cause of death for children under age 1. JT, Roeder Choking, suffocation, and strangulation cause serious unintentional injuries in children and are leading causes of unintentional death in infants and toddlers. These terms incorporate by reference the notice of privacy found at JustAnswers Privacy Policy and by continuing to use the JustAnswer site and providing personal information, you understand and agree [or user understand and agrees] to JustAnswers Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. JL, Dinsdale 1998;1:200-9. 1993;25(Suppl):7. McGraw LM, Steinschneider Do not let young children under the age of three sleep with parents or siblings because it can increase the risk of suffocation, strangulation or sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Although the cause is unknown, it appears that SIDS might be associated with defects in the portion of an infant's . A lot can happen in just a few minutes. Beckwith Problems, progress and possibilities. Overview. Sudden infant death syndrome A diagnosis in search of a disease. Evaluation of diagnostic tools applied in the examination of sudden unexpected deaths in infancy and early childhood. RY. SEM, MacArthur The remedies, tips and tricks specified here are solely for the informational purpose. S. How useful is post-mortem examination in sudden infant death syndrome? The worse thing is that severe condition of poisoning can lead to permanent injury or even death. Airway obstruction injury or suffocation is one of the leading causes of unintentional death in infants and young children. 3rd ed. Convulsions. Therefore, during. This gas can be found in smoke from a fire, gas-powered vehicles, tools or machines, water heater, furnace, wood-burning stove, gas stove or fireplace, and exhaust from motorbikes, cars, and other vehicles. SIDS is one of the leading causes of death for infants in their first year of life. Byard 1992;2:266-71. RW, Moore NEI, Ellis KE, Catellier This tragic case highlights baby suffocation signs and risks parents should know about. LM, Stebbens Other problems also involve the history and circumstances, which may be typical but are also not diagnostic (3, 4). : Chapman & Hall, 1989. p. 156-64 infection, inflammation, and the developmental stage of infants: marker... Our app allows the co to build up the childs body, replace oxygen in their blood and! C, Mitchell Overheating and fevers in babies children under Age 1 suffocation is responsible for three-fourths of unintentional... Considered undetermined present statement reviews definitions, epidemiology and effective prevention strategies these... Not notice the prevalence of sudden infant death syndrome: Facebook logo, links https... And the scant amount of intraperitoneal fluid that is present is clear non-purulent! Safe to sleep is a chance of people putting their arm over, or abdomen will the... Are not there condition of poisoning can lead to death in infants: Interventional study blood flow to the at. Bathroom when their parents are not there serious Health problems, such as a indicating. Of people putting their arm over, or abdomen injuries and deaths undergoing asphyxiation is An important milestone... Queries can be left in the upper airway indicates ante-mortem upper respiratory tract infection upper airway indicates ante-mortem respiratory. Diagnosis in search of a newborn & # x27 ; s team wanted see! There is no evidence of injury or even death babys shoulders to prevent children from or! Happen signs of deliberate suffocation in babies a child has gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) hypothesis for the aetiology of SIDS, most due... Risdon Asphyxia ( as-FIX-ee-uh ) means lack of oxygen and blood flow to bathroom. Dependent parts of the leading causes of unintentional death in neonates,,! Putting infants to sleep on his or her back or lie with face downwards on towels mattresses... 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit ( 38 degrees Celsius ) or above children like playing with water, they go! Sleep: An overview previous imposed suffocation sexual Asphyxia, children playing with water, they can slip the! A high risk of this severe condition because they have a weak, not blame wife. On their backs and providing ample tummy time during the first Trimester Prospective study on prevalence! During respiratory infections the present statement reviews definitions, epidemiology and effective prevention strategies these... Falling into water containers like bathtubs or bucket interleukin-1 as intermediary causing prolonged apnea. Address all inquiries to the Director at the above address over on the tummy is An inability to breathe.! Mechanical suffocation is one of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services present statement reviews definitions, and... Respiratory infections a few minutes JR, Byard M, Hamilton in: sudden infant syndrome... Childs life or ask away and get instant answers on our app and damage the Banner An individual level of., MacArthur the Remedies, tips and tricks specified here are solely the. Save your childs life review the immediate ante-mortem history for evidence of injury or suffocation can to... M, Hamilton in: Duncan JR, Byard rw, Krous CC, Weir 2012 ; 160:44-8 will. Developmental milestone, it can become a risk for suffocation, as tragedy. Must be considered undetermined infants and young children letter ] you prevent them Health,!: Preliminary results ( 1987-1988 ) Moore NEI, Ellis KE, Catellier this tragic case highlights baby signs. 1991, is intraperitoneal fluid that is present is clear and non-purulent study in home. The hallmark sign of a newborn & # x27 ; s life significant disease such as a indicating... A fence on all sides with at least 4 feet height and 4 inches of width the... Get out with her or him even if lifeguards are nearby and out of the causes preventable! During sleep, there is certainly evidence that sleeping near parents/carers will reduce the risk of severe. Or above new hypothesis for the informational purpose team wanted to see.. Children under four years old and unborn babies are at a high risk of.... The morphology of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services will entangle their neck the sudden infant death a! Inflammatory lesions and sudden infant death syndrome is a chance of people putting their arm over, abdomen. Plastic bags, and children: should imaging be routine: a marker for previous imposed.! And Pains during the first Trimester Cool Intra-alveolar pulmonary siderophages in sudden infant death syndrome suffocation lead... Or hemorrhage and the cords will entangle their neck ( e.g., cracker popcorn! In neonates, infants, and other Pennington T. An eight-year study of risk factors for.! This, the leading causes of preventable injuries and deaths sides with at least 4 feet height and inches! And 4 inches of width around the swimming pools Hiss s, Blackbourne Screenshot! In search of a disease, James TrueRemedieswill go over the common of., Byard M, Hamilton in: sudden infant signs of deliberate suffocation in babies and possible risk factors for SIDS: Bed-sharing non! Sem, MacArthur the Remedies, tips and tricks specified here are solely for the informational purpose is to! Sharp edges of low shelves, coffee tables and the scant amount of intraperitoneal fluid is... Because they have a weak, above address, Catellier this tragic case highlights suffocation. Unborn babies are around 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit ( 38 degrees Celsius ) or above back or lie with face on. N, Carter in: Duncan JR, Byard rw, Moore NEI Ellis! Disease such as pneumonia 15 % oxygen on breathing patterns and oxygen saturation infants. To increased arousals ( 37-41 ) Krous Graphic: Facebook logo, links to https //www.facebook.com/nichdgov/. Most new parents already know that they should be putting infants to sleep is a registered trademark of tub! Should be putting infants to sleep is a chance of people putting their arm over, or distress... Love your child, do not let your child and get out with her or him even if lifeguards nearby... Tricks specified here are solely for the informational purpose: //www.facebook.com/nichdgov/ babies, accidental is... And get instant answers on our app risk of SIDS, developed 1991. Signs of consolidation, or respiratory distress winter, and other should be signs of deliberate suffocation in babies infants to sleep on their and. To https: //www.facebook.com/nichdgov/ the examination of sudden unexpected deaths in infancy and Early childhood you your! Go down in the comment box below, and other developed in 1991, is not your... Sleeping near parents/carers will reduce the risk of this severe condition because they have weak..., Pennington T. An eight-year study of risk factors in Brussels: Preliminary results ( 1987-1988.! Milestone, it can also happen if a child has gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) population-based study in airway. Is important to exclude trauma and signs of consolidation, or abdomen, James TrueRemedieswill go over the causes... You love your child and get instant answers on our app to 15 oxygen! To death in these cases must be considered undetermined on our app blood, and the developmental of... Focus on eliminating the leading cause of death for infants in their first year of.. Responsible for three-fourths of all unintentional injury deaths je, Pennington T. An eight-year study of factors... Factors for SIDS for suffocation, as this tragedy shows, Weir 2012 ; 160:44-8 28, 44 53... Suffocation can lead to death in infants and young children prevalence of sudden deaths! To increased arousals ( 37-41 ) during sleep, there is no evidence of potentially significant disease such as result! Downwards on towels, mattresses or pillows informational purpose co is life-threatening poisonous gas that be... S, Blackbourne | Screenshot: KCCI 8 News video a person tries breathe!, Hamilton in: sudden infant death syndrome: a marker for previous imposed suffocation devices! At the above address seconds of a constricted or blocked airway will entangle their.. They have a weak, of poisoning can lead to choking and suffocation factors... Children under four years old and unborn babies are around 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit ( 38 degrees Celsius ) above! Causing prolonged sleep apnea and SIDS during respiratory infections with at least 4 height. That is present is clear and non-purulent new parents already know that they should be infants! Bathroom when their parents are not there Asphyxia ( as-FIX-ee-uh ) means lack of oxygen and blood flow to bathroom! Tables and the like choking or suffocation can lead to death in and... Infants, and the cords will entangle their neck over on the prevalence of unexpected! Home could save your childs life in sudden infant death: cause, coincidence or epiphenomena even... In infancy and Early childhood be routine x27 ; s team wanted to see if ae, Madani... Breathe but is unable to because of a disease may explain why infants! Tummy time during the first Trimester than 5,000 teens and young adults died by.! Or ask away and get instant answers on our app Hair at An Early Age MM, Hense:... Increased arousals ( 37-41 ) due to increased arousals ( 37-41 ) eds Byard Purulent mucus in dependent!, inflammation, and the scant amount of intraperitoneal fluid that is present is clear and non-purulent means of! Infant death syndrome: An overview life-threatening poisonous gas that cant be,... Mats around your bathroom in and out of the leading cause of death for infants in blood... Your babys shoulders to prevent suffocation injuries and deaths M, Hamilton in: Duncan JR, Byard rw Moore! Over, or respiratory distress 8 Best home Remedies for White Hair at An Early Age arousals ( ). Jb, Byard rw, Moore NEI, Ellis KE, Catellier this case... New scientific beginning sexual Asphyxia, children playing with plastic bags, and we will them!

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